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If you’re new to buying a home and don’t have the time to read an encyclopedia on mortgages, this is the article for you. We’ll go over some basic mortgage terms and concepts to get you started.

Deciding to buy a home and obtain a mortgage is a serious decision with significant responsibilities. Not only must you spend money upfront to obtain your loan, you’ll be entering (or increasing) your debt. You’ll also be responsible to pay a large monthly payment. Hence it is important that you choose wisely what loan to get and where to get it.

You’re mortgage education should start with some basic explanations that will help you understand and pick your loan: closing costs, APR, rate, monthly payment, ARM, fixed, and of course, mortgage.

What is a mortgage? A mortgage is a loan that uses your home as collateral. This means the mortgage owner can take possession of your house if you default on the terms of your loan. Mortgages are used to pay off existing mortgages (this is called a refinance) or to purchase homes.

The rate is the percentage that is used to determine the amount of interest you’ll pay over the life of the loan. Interest is basically your cost for borrowing money. The interest rate can remain constant throughout the loan term. In this case, the loan is considered “fixed rate”. If the rate can change after a specified period (such as after one year or after five years), then the loan is considered an adjustable rate mortgage or ARM.

In addition to interest, there are additional costs to borrowing money for a home. These fees might include paying for the loan application, checking your credit history and scores, underwriting (seeing if you qualify for a specific loan program), title search and insurance, having the property’s value appraised, loan origination, etc. All together these fees are called “closing costs”.

Brokers and lenders can charge different amounts for these closing costs, which makes using the interest rate by itself an ineffective method of deciding where to buy a loan. Instead of comparing interest rates, you should compare what is known as the Annual Percentage Rate or APR, since it is calculated by adding the closing costs to the loan amount. It provides a more standardized number for comparing loans among lenders.

The total monthly payment, also known as PITI, is another important measurement to consider when choosing a loan. The PITI includes principal (P), interest (I), property taxes (T), hazard or homeowner’s insurance and mortgage insurance (the second “I”), and HOA dues. When mortgage insurance is taken into account, loans with a higher interest rate might actually have a lower monthly payment than loans with lower interest rates.

Finances

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